Objective indexes for the diagnosis of premature ejaculation: An update / 中华男科学杂志

Premature ejaculation is a common male sexual dysfunction disorder, and there are many controversies over its definition. With deeper insights into the etiology and pathogenesis of premature ejaculation, more and more auxiliary examinations are used in its diagnosis, prognostic evaluation and treatment, such as transrectal ultrasonography of seminal vesicles, determination of serum 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) concentration, serum hormone levels, penile sensitivity detection, brain function tests, and genetic sequencing. This review outlines the latest advances in the auxiliary examination of premature ejaculation and provides clinicians with some diagnostic indexes or methods of premature ejaculation for reference.

Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of The Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To translate the English version of The Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT) into Chinese, evaluate its reliability and validity, and analyze its feasibility in the diagnosis of premature ejaculation (PE).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Following the forward-backward translation procedure, we developed the Chinese version of PEDT, which was then revised by andrologists and bilingual linguists. We enrolled subjects with or without PE from 15 urological or andrological clinics in China and obtained the information about their demographic characteristics, PEDT scores, and intra-vaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT). We evaluated the internal consistency of PEDT using Cronbach alpha, was examined its reliability and stability by test-retest analysis, analyzed its correlation with IELT by Spearman correlation analysis, and tested its sensitivity and specificity by receiver operating characteristic ( ROC) analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Totally, 570 PE patients (aged [30.66 ± 7.11] years) and 226 non-PE men (aged [33.01 ± 5.41] years) were recruited, with the mean IELT of (1.34 ± 0.54) min in the former and (11.09 ± 7.5) min in the latter group. The Cronbach's alpha of the Chinese version of PEDT was 0.79, and the test-retest correlation coefficient was 0.75 (P < 0.01). The PEDT score was negatively correlated with IELT (Spearman's p = -0.52, P < 0.01). When the cutoff value of PE diagnosis was defined as 7.5, the sensitivity and specificity of PEDT were 0.80 and 0.78, and when as 8.5, they were 0.72 and 0.89, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The Chinese version of PEDT was demonstrated to have good internal consistency, reliability, and validity, as well as a high predictability for PE. It can be used as a reliable and convenient tool to screen PE among Chinese men.</p>

Multiglycosides of Tripterygium wilfordii increase sperm apoptosis in male rats / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of multiglycosides of Tripterygium wilfordii (GTW) on sperm apoptosis in male rats and its possible mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixteen male SD rats were equally assigned to two groups to receive GTW and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) intragastrically, both at 20 mg/(kg x d) for 6 weeks. Then the epididymal sperm was collected for the measurement of the apoptosis rate, sperm membrane lipid fluidity and the contents of NO, MDA and SOD by flow cytometry and spectrophotometric determination.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 6 weeks of medication, the GTW group showed a significant increase in sperm apoptosis and contents of NO and MDA (P < 0.01) and a remarkable decrease in sperm membrane lipid fluidity (P < 0.05) and SOD content (P < 0.01) as compared with the CMC control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>GTW can damage sperm membrane lipid peroxidation and sperm membrane structure, increase sperm apoptosis, and reduce sperm membrane lipid fluidity.</p>

Regional anatomy of the dorsal penile nerve and its clinical significance / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the number, course and distribution of normal dorsal penile nerves and their clinical significance for selective neurectomy of the dorsal penile nerve in the treatment of primary premature ejaculation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We dissected 38 cadaveric adult penises and recorded the number, course and distribution of the dorsal penile nerves. A total of 314 cases of primary premature ejaculation underwent selective neurectomy of the dorsal penile nerve. The patients ranged between 20 and 45 years in age and from 1 to 22 years in disease course.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The dorsal penile nerves were distributed in parallel bilaterally in all the cadaveric penises and branched into the ventral side in 4 of them. The total number of dorsal penile nerves was (3.6 +/- 1.2) in the 38 cadaveric penises, 7 in 1 case, 6 in 1 case, 5 in 6 cases, 4 in 9 cases, 3 in 14 cases and 2 in 7 cases, while that of the 314 patients with primary premature ejaculation was (7.0 +/- 1.9), 5 in 64 cases, 6 in 56 cases, 7 in 52 cases, 8 in 40 cases, 9 in 33 cases, 10 in 28 cases, 11 in 25 cases, 12 in 11 cases and 13 in 5 cases. Selective neurectomy of the dorsal penile nerve achieved an intravaginal ejaculation latency of (4.31 +/- 1.87) minutes and sexual satisfaction rate of (61 +/- 17) %, significantly different from those before the operation ([1.24 +/- 0.32] min, [23 +/- 6] %; all P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The abnormal increase of dorsal penile nerves possibly lies at the bottom of the pathogenesis of primary premature ejaculation. Selective neurectomy of the dorsal penile nerve is safe and effective for the treatment of primary premature ejaculation.</p>

Dorsal penile nerves and primary premature ejaculation / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Based on our clinical experience, the number of dorsal penile nerves in patients with primary premature ejaculation (PPE) is not consistent with the average number (2 branches). In this study, we evaluated the number and distribution of dorsal penile nerves among healthy Chinese adults and patients with PPE.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The dorsal nerve of the penis, the deep dorsal vein of the penis, and the dorsal artery of the penis between the deep fascia of the penis and the albuginea penis were carefully educed, observed, and counted in 38 adult autopsy specimens. The number and distribution of the dorsal penile nerve in 128 surgical patients with PPE were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The numbers of dorsal penile nerves of the 38 cases were as follows: 7 branches in 1 case; 6 branches in 1 case; 5 branches in 6 cases; 4 branches in 9 cases; 3 branches in 14 cases; and 2 branches in 7 cases. Most of the dorsal nerves were parallel to each other and in the dorsum of the penis. In only 8 cases, the branches were connected by some communicating branches. In 4 cases, 1 or 2 thin dorsal nerves continued their pathway over the ventral aspect of the penis. The average number of branches of the dorsal penile nerve in patients with PPE was 7.16.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Based on the study of 38 cases, the average number of dorsal penile nerves was 3.55 branches and that of patients with PPE was greater. These preliminary results suggest that the excessive dorsal penile nerves may have an impact on PPE via increased sensitivity and provide topographic data for the possible treatment of PPE.</p>

Clinical significance of electrophysiological tests of BCR, ICR and PSEP for ED patients / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the clinical significance of electrophysiological tests of bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR), ischiocavernosus reflex (ICR) and pudenda somatosensory evoked potential (PSEP) for patients with erectile dysfunction (ED).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Electrophysiological tests of BCR, ICR and PSEP were performed for 232 ED patients with IIEF-5 scores of 2-20 (10.39 +/- 5.52), another 21 normal volunteer controls underwent the same tests, and the results were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Abnormal results, such as prolonged and advanced latencies, were found in 94 (40.5%) of the patients, which suggested neurotic ED with different degrees of cauda equine nerve injuries.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Electrophysiological tests of BCR, ICR and PSEP can objectively reveal the functional state of the cauda equine nerve and offer an important support to the diagnosis of nerve-mediated ED.</p>

Effects of 40H-tamoxifen on the proliferation and apoptosis of prostate stromal cells / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of 4OH-Tamoxifen (OHT) on proliferation and apoptosis of primary cultured prostate stromal cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Primarily cultured prostate stromal cells in vitro were treated with various concentrations (10(-8) mol/L - 10(-5) mol/L) of estradiol (E2), diethylstilbestrol (DES), OHT and the mixture of E2 (10(-8) mol/L - 10(-6) mol/L) with OHT (10(-7) mol/L) and then MTT and TUNEL were used to detect their proliferation and apoptosis respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between OHT and estrogens in the effects on the apoptosis and proliferation of the primarily cultured prostate stromal cells. OHT suppressed proliferation of the prostate stromal cells at the concentrations from 10(-7) mol/L to 10(-5) mol/L (P < 0.05), and this effect was concentration related (r = -0.383, P = 0.005); OHT (10(-7) mol/L) suppressed the proliferation stimulation effect of E2 at the concentrations from 10(-8) mol/L to 10(-6) mol/L (P < 0.05). OHT induced apoptosis at the concentrations from 10(-8) mol/L to 10(-5) mol/L (P < 0.05), and this effect was concentration related (r = 0.349, P = 0.012). The apoptosis induced by OHT could not be reversed by E2 at the concentrations from 10(-8) mol/L to 10(-5) mol/L (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>OHT can obviously suppressed the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of primarily cultured prostate stromal cells, which might not be totally attributed to the competitive inhibition of the estrogen receptor.</p>

Study of the changes of acrosomal enzyme and nitric oxide synthase, superoxide dismutase of infertile patients with positive antisperm antibody in seminal plasma / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the impacts of positive antisperm antibody (AsAb) in seminal plasma on acrosomal enzyme activity, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels of spermatozoa.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Swatch from 40 infertile patients with positive AsAb in seminal plasma as experimental group, and 40 fertile men as control group. Acrosomal enzyme activity was detected by the BAEE/ADH unitive method, NOS was detected by the redoxreaction assay, and SOD level was measured xanthine oxidase method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with control group, acrosomal enzyme activity of spermatozoa of experimental group was significantly decreased (P <0.01), NOS activity was apparently increased (P < 0.01), and SOD level in seminal plasma was markedly decreased (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It may be possible that the positive AsAb in seminal plasma beget infertility through the changes of acrosomal enzyme of spermatozoa, SOD and NOS activities in seminal plasma.</p>

Sleeve circumcision and preputioplasty with modified incision / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the sleeve circumcision and preputioplasty with modified incision for the treatment of patients with phimosis or redundant prepuce.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Five hundred and seventy-six patients with phimosis or redundant prepuce underwent operations of sleeve circumcision or preputioplasty with modified incision. The conventional incision was modified and changed into two opposite tortuous incisions.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The operation with modified incision had the following advantages: less blood loss, slight postoperative edema, no secondary bleeding or infection, quick recovery and good appearance of the penis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The sleeve circumcision and preputioplasty with modified incision is an excellent therapeutic option for phimosis and redundant prepuce.</p>

Therapeutic effect of Qingkailing and methylprednisolone injection alone or combined on the acute lung injury induced by oleic acid in rabbits / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Qingkailing and Methylprednisolone (MP) injection alone or combined on the acute lung injury (ALI) induced by oleic acid in rabbits.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The rabbits were randomly divided into 11 groups: oleic acid group; control group; treatment groups including low, middle and high dosage groups of Qingkailing and MP alone and combined, respectively. ALI model was established by i.v. oleic acid (0.05 mL x kg(-1)) in these groups, and then i.v. above drugs respectively, while in control group, the same volume of normal saline was given. The respiratory amplitude and rate were observed, and blood samples were taken from cervical artery for blood-gas analysis before and at 30, 60, 120 min after oleic acid or normal saline administration. At the end of experiment, the concentration of LDH, CAT and MDA in the lung tissue were measured and pathologic changes of lung tissue were observed microscopically.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with oleic acid group, the respiratory amplitude markedly enhanced (P < 0.05) and respiratory rate lowered (P < 0.05) in the low, middle and high dose groups of Qingkailing and MP injection. On the 30 min of treatment, PaO2 increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the low and middle dose groups of combined Qingkailing and MP injection; PaCO2 decreased markedly (P < 0.05) on the 120 min of treatment in each treatment group. The level of LDH significantly increased (P < 0.05), CAT and MDA decreased (P < 0.05) in the middle and high groups of Qingkailing and MP injection. The low and middle dose groups of combined Qingkailing and MP injection can alleviate the pathological changes induced by oleic acid.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The curative effect of the low dose group of combined Qingkailing and MP for the ALI induced by oleic acid was better than Qingkailing and MP alone, while the big dose groups of Qingkailing and MP alone better than the combination at the same dosage.</p>

Therapeutic effect of qingkailing and shengmai injection alone or combined on the acute lung injury induced by oleic acid in rabbits / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Qingikailing and Shengmai injection alone or combined on the acute lung injury (AL) induced by oleic acid in rabbits.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The rabbits were randomly divided into 11 groups: oleic acid group; control group; treatment groups including low, middle and high dosage groups of Qingkailing and Shengmai injection alone and combined, respectively. ALI model was established by iv oleic acid (0.05 mL x kg(-1)) in these groups, and then iv above drugs respectively,while in control group, the same volume of normal saline was given. The respiratory amplitude and rate were observed, and blood samples were taken from cervical artery for blood-gas analysis before and at 30, 60, 120 min after oleic acid or normal saline administration. At the end of experiment, the concentration of LDH, CAT and MDA in the lung tissue were measured and pathologic changes of lung tissue were observed microscopically.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with oleic acid group, the respiratory amplitude markedly enhanced (P < 0.05) in the low and high dose groups of Qingkailing and Shengmai injection. PaO2 increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the low dose group of combined Qingkailing and Shengmai injection, PaCO2 decreased markedly (P < 0.05) in the low dose groups of Qingkailing and Shengmai injection alone and combined. The level of MDA significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the each group of Qingkailing and Shengmai injection alone, the level of MDA significantly decreased (P < 0.05) and CAT increased (P < 0.05) in the low dose group of combined Qingkailing with Shengmai injection. The low dose group of combined Qingkailing and Shengmai injection can alleviate the pathological changes induced by oleic acid.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The curative effect of the low dose group of combined Qingkailing with Shengmai injection for the ALI induced by oleic acid was better than Qingkailing and Shengmai injection alone at the same dosage.</p>

Experimental study of protective effect of pueraria compound on the cerebral ischemic injury / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the protective effects of pueraria compound on the cerebral ischemic injury.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Using the middle cerebral artery occlusion model (MCAO) in rats and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion models in gerbils and mice, we investigated the influence of pueraria compound on the brain water content and the infarct size, the cerebral apoplexy exponent, the contents of lactic acid (LA) and lipid peroxide (LPO), the activities of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and Na+ -K+ -ATPase.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Pueraria compound obviously reduced the brain water content and the infrarct size in MCAO, improved motor abilities in the cerebral ischemia-reinfusion model of gerbils, decreased the contents of LA and LPO and increased the activities of LDH, GPx and Na+ -K+ -ATPase in cerebral ischemia-reinfusion model of mice.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Pueraria compound has the function of antioxidation and protective effect on ischemic brain tissue.</p>

Experimental study of chronic renal tubular-interstitial injury induced by radix aristolochiae fangchi extract in rats / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the acute and chronic renal toxicity induced by Radix Aristolochiae Fangchi Extract (RAFE) in different doses in rats.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The conventional method of acute toxicity was used. RAFE at the dose of 25.0 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), 120.0 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) and 200.0 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) and aristolochic acid (AA, 10.0 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) were interruptedly administrated to rats for 13 week by gastric tube, and the sample of blood, urine and kidney were collected at 4 week, 8 week and 13 week respectively. The indexes of renal function were measured and the morphology of kidney was observed.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>LD50 of RAFE was 36.8 g x kg(-1) (the crude drug) and the 95% confidence limit was 38.8 - 28.9 g x kg(-1). The changes of renal functions were azotemia, massive proteinuria and the increase of urinary NAGase (beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase) in the earlier period of administration with RAFE in rats. Pathological changes of renal tissue were as follows: acute renal tubular necrosis mainly in the boundary of cortex and medulla was observed in the earlier period, and with the elongation of administration, the pathological process of renal interstitial fibrosis observed in the middle and high groups of RAFE and AA group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>RAFE at middle and high doses administrated by interrupted gavage above 13 week can cause the injury of renal tubular functions in rats. NAGase can be used as one of observation targets in the earlier period of renal injury.</p>

The preliminary efficacy of interferon-alpha and ribavirin combination treatment of chronic hepatitis C in HIV-infected patients / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>It is internationally accepted that in drug-naïve individuals with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection, chronic hepatitis C should be treated first if the CD4 cell count does not require the initiation of anti-retroviral therapy. Present paper evaluated the clinical effect and side-effect of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and ribavirin (RBV) combination therapy for Chinese patients with HCV-HIV co-infection, and compared with them for HIV infection alone.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ten patients with HCV-HIV and 17 patients with HCV received 5 million unit IFNalpha-2b every other day intramuscularly, and 300 mg RBV triple daily by oral. Dynamic observations were made for HCV RNA and HIV RNA loads, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte counts, liver function and blood cell measurement, and the medicine side-effects.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 12-week and 24-week treatments of IFN-alpha and RBV combination therapy, mean HCV RNA levels reduced 1.14 logs and 1.56 logs from the baseline at week 0 in HCV-HIV co-infection, and reduced 1.48 logs and 1.75 logs in HCV infection, respectively. The HIV RNA levels decreased 1.22 logs and 1.32 logs from the base line; however, there were no obvious different changes at T lymphocyte counts of HCV-HIV and HCV patients through 24-week treatments. Whole 27 patients showed satisfactory biochemical response to therapy. There were some mild or mediate influence-like symptoms, intestinal uncomfortable and depressed blood cell counts in early stage of the treatments. No neuropsychiatric and auto-immune disorders were found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>IFN-alpha and RBV combination therapy had similar anti-HCV effects during 24-week treatment for HCV-HIV and HCV infected Chinese patients, and some anti-HIV effect. There were no obvious different biochemical responses and side-effects between two groups above.</p>

Interferon-alpha and ribavirin combination therapy for co-infection of hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical effect and side-effect of interferon-alpha (IFN-a) and ribavirin (RBV) combination therapy for Chinese patients with co-infection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and to compare them with only HIV infection patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>10 patients with HCV-HIV and 17 patients with only HCV infection received 5 million units of IFNalpha-2b every other day intramuscularly, and 300 mg RBV orally three times a day. Dynamic observations were done for HCV RNA and HIV RNA loads, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte counts, liver function and blood cell measures, and the side-effects of the medicines.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 12 weeks and 24 weeks of IFNalpha and RBV combination therapy, mean HCV RNA levels reduced 1.14 log (t = 3.843, P < 0.01) and 2.08 log (t =6.564, P < 0.01) from the baseline at week 0 in the HCV-HIV co-infection group, and reduced 1.48 log (t = 6.438, P less than 0.01) and 2.33 log (t = 7.343, P < 0.01) in the HCV infection group. Meanwhile, the HIV RNA levels decreased 1.22 log (t = 3.662, P < 0.01) and 1.73 log (t = 6.119, P < 0.01) from the base line. However, there were no obvious different changes among T lymphocyte counts of HCV-HIV and HCV patients at week 0, week 12 and week 24. All 27 patients showed satisfactory biochemical response to therapy. There were some mild or moderate influenza-like symptoms, intestinal discomfort and decreased blood cell counts in the early stages of the treatments. No neuropsychic and auto-immune disorders were found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>IFNalpha-2b and RBV combination therapy showed similar anti-HCV effects during the 24 week treatment for HCV-HIV and HCV infected patients, and some anti-HIV effect was also observed. No obvious different biochemical responses and side-effects were found between the above two groups.</p>

Effects of tianma gouteng fang on transmitter amino acids in the hippocampus extracellular liquids in freely moving rats subjected to brain ischemia / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of Tianma Gouteng Fang (TGF) on the transmitter amino acids in the hippocampus extracellular liquids in freely moving rats subjected to incomplete brain ischemia.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Hippocampus extracellular liquids was collected continuously by the microdialysis sampling technology in freely moving rats during pre-ischemia, incomplete ischemia and reperfusion periods induced by the occlusion and loose of both common carotid arteries. Each dialysate sample was assayed for GABA, Tau, Glu, Cys and Arg with HPLC-electrochemical detector.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>TGF increased the concentrations of GABA and Tau in the extracellular liquids of rat hippocampus. Compared with the model group, the concentration of Glu in the middle and large dosage groups of TGF, during the 120 min of ischemia, reduced by 38.64% and 31.35%, Tau increased by 13.99% and 12.86%, GABA advanced 25.89% and 33.99%, Cys decreased by 40.93% and 42.08%, Arg raised to 116.95% and 108.96%, respectively. After 120 min of reperfusion, the concentration of Glu decreased by 14.55% and 11.48%, Tau increased by 16.13% and 14.03%, GABA increased by 24.41% and 26.22%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TGF can increase the concentration of inhibitory amino acids in hippocampus extracellular liquids of rats and inhibit the excessive release of excitatory amino acids and raise the concentration of the inhibitory amino acids and Arg during the ischemia-reperfusion periods. Therefore, TGF can play the neuroprotective role.</p>

Effects of nourishing shen-yin recipe and warming recuperating shen-yang recipe on interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 activity in ovariectomy induced osteoporosis rats / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the effects of the recipes for nourishing Shen-yin (NSY) and for warming recuperating Shen-yang (WRSY) on the activity of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-five female rats were randomly divided into five groups: the control, the sham operation, the ovariectomy, the ovariectomy plus NSY and the ovariectomy plus WRSY group. The medication was starting from one week after operation and lasted continuously for 3 months. The proximal tibia of rats were analyzed with bone histomorphometry, the activity of IL-1 was detected with mouse thymocyte assay and the activity of IL-6 was detected with IL-6 dependence cell proliferation assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Three months after ovariectomy, the percentage of trabeculae bone volume (TBV%) of tibia in rats was markedly reduced, but the percentage of trabeculae absorption surface (TRS%) and trabeculae formation surface (TFS%) significantly increased, and the activity of IL-1 and IL-6 increased obviously. These abnormal changes could be reversed to different degree by NSY or WRSY, but the effect of the latter was superior to that of the former.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The inhibitory effect of WRSY on IL-1 and IL-6 activity was significantly better than that of NSY, which is one of the mechanisms of its superiority in preventing osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy in rats.</p>

Clinical study of effect of tianzhi granule on senile vascular demetia / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical effect of Tianzhi Granule (TZK) on senile vascular dementia (VaD), which is classified as sthenia of liver-yang.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Two hundred VaD patients were treated with TZK (0.5 g/bag), which was taken one bag each, three times a day. The treatment course was one month and they were treated for rwo courses.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>TZK could remarkably increase gnosia and activity, with no striking difference from that of positive control group (P > 0.05). Simultaneously, TZK could significantly improve the clinical syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine and viability. It could also drastically reduce the whole blood and plasma viscosity and improve erythrodegeneration and abnormality of aggregation index in the abnormal blood viscosity patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TMC has certain effects on senile VaD.</p>